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Avanti (India)
Avanti ((サンスクリット:अवन्ति)) was an ancient Indian janapada (realm), roughly corresponded to the present day Malwa region. According to the Buddhist text, the ''Anguttara Nikaya'', Avanti was one of the ''solasa mahajanapadas'' (sixteen great realms) of the 6th century BCE. The ''janapada'' was divided into two parts by the Vindhyas, the northern part had its capital at Ujjayini and the southern part had its centre at Mahishmati.〔Mahajan, V.D. (1960, reprint 2007). ''Ancient India'', New Delhi:S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0887-6, p.233〕〔Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.85,129-30〕
The Avantis, the ancient people belonging to this realm were described as ''mahavala'' (very powerful) in the Udyoga Parva (19.24) of the Mahabharata.〔Law, B.C. (1973). ''Tribes in Ancient India'', Bhandarkar Oriental Series No.4, Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, pp.337-43〕 According to the Vishnu Purana (II.3), the Bhagavata Purana (XII.I.36) and the Brahma Purana (XIX.17), the Avantis were associated with the Malava, the Saurashtras, the Abhiras, the Suras, the Karushas and the Arbudas and were described as dwelling along the ''Pariyatra'' (or ''Paripatra'') mountains〔Law, B.C. (1973). ''Tribes in Ancient India'', Bhandarkar Oriental Series No.4, Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, p.63〕 (a western branch of the Vindhyas).
==The Haihayas of Mahishmati==
(詳細はHaihayas were the earliest rulers of Avanti, who captured the region from the Nagas. Initially, they ruled from Mahishmati. Later the whole janapada was divided into two parts with the capitals at Mahishmati and Ujjayini. The Haihayas were a confederation of five clans, the Vitihotras, the Bhojas, the Avantis, the Tundikeras and the Sharyatas. Later, the Haihayas were better known by their dominant clan - the Vitihotras. Ripunjaya, the last Vitihotra ruler of Ujjayini was overthrown by his ''amatya'' (minister) Pulika, who placed his son, Pradyota on the throne.〔Raizada, Ajit (1992). ''Ujjayini'' (in Hindi), Bhopal: Directorate of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh, p.21〕〔Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). ''Political History of Ancient India'', Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.130-1〕 Some accounts place Ujjayini as the capital of Avanti.
The ''Mahagovindasuttanta'' of the ''Dighanikaya'' mentions about an Avanti king Vessabhu (Vishvabhu) and his capital Mahissati (Mahishmati). Probably he was a Vitihotra ruler.
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